Background Checks: What You Need to Know
Background checks compile information from public records, criminal databases, credit reports, and other sources to create a profile of an individual. They're used for personal safety, reconnecting with people, and verifying information. This guide explains what background checks include, how they work, and important legal considerations.
What's Included in a Background Check
A typical background check may include criminal records (felonies, misdemeanors, sex offender registry), address history, phone numbers and email addresses, relatives and associates, property ownership records, bankruptcy and lien filings, marriage and divorce records, professional licenses, and employment history. The depth of information depends on the type of check and the provider.
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Criminal Records
Criminal record searches check federal, state, and county court databases for felony and misdemeanor convictions, pending cases, and arrests. Results typically include the offense, date, court, and disposition. Note that some records may be sealed or expunged depending on state law.
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Property and Financial Records
Background checks can reveal property ownership, including current and previous properties, assessed values, and purchase prices. Financial records may include bankruptcies, tax liens, civil judgments, and foreclosures. These records come from county assessor offices, courts, and public filing systems.
FCRA vs. Non-FCRA Background Checks
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) regulates background checks used for employment, housing, credit, and insurance decisions. FCRA-compliant checks require written consent from the subject and must follow strict accuracy and dispute procedures. Non-FCRA checks — like those from people search engines — use the same public records but cannot legally be used for FCRA-regulated purposes.
Frequently Asked Questions
What shows up on a background check?
Common results include criminal records, address history, relatives, property records, bankruptcies, liens, marriage/divorce records, and professional licenses. The specific records available depend on the provider and type of check.
How far back do background checks go?
Most background checks cover 7-10 years of criminal history, though this varies by state. Property records, address history, and other public records may go back further — sometimes 20+ years.
Can I run a background check on myself?
Yes, running a background check on yourself is perfectly legal and often recommended. It helps you understand what information is publicly available and identify any errors in your records.